In new federal states, there was virtually no malls before reunification. This emerged after 1990 in large numbers on a green field, leading to a substantial purchasing power outflow from the inner cities (shopping in Lancaster). Background for this building boom at the gates of cities was for a rapid access to land (land in inner cities were often lengthy process of restitution and other proprietary difficulties blocked) and the rapid creation of corresponding construction law: Above a sales area of 700 sqm is a rapid creation of construction law only designation of core areas (MK) or special areas (SO) in development plan possible.
While a coordinated system of regional and zoning determines where new retail agglomerations may be expelled, they had to be placed in new federal states only. Until then, many municipalities have corresponding designations made uncoordinated, even if this was counterproductive for spatial planning. Since about 2000, however, the trend is back to inner cities, strengthened its retail again.
The other companies benefit from the customers frequencies. The magnetic farms are located in center so that customers come by on the way to or between the "spectrum users". In factory outlet centers, manufacturers of branded retail space for rent on to its products directly to consumer price reduced to sell. Factory Outlet is therefore not a trade but a direct sales by manufacturers to customers.
The offered products are much cheaper than the high street. Most are goods from surplus production, goods of "last season", discontinued models or (slightly) defective goods. The brand names serve as a magnet for customers, the clothing industry is represented dominant in rule.
Finally, in 1956 originated with the Southdale Center in Minneapolis the world's first single integrated in a building, buying mall. It was planned from the emigrated to United States Austrian architect Victor Gruen, who is considered a forerunner of today's modern and complex buying center. That in United States until then new concept, numerous dealers of various products in one place to find in a mall, spread very rapidly due to popularity.
The importance of magnets for the success of buying mall is so fundamental that usually the signature of corresponding chain under the lease is the prerequisite for the investor even provides a planning application. Failure to find a suitable tenant, the project often threatened with closure. But even long-established centers threatened with loss ofn anchor tenant (z. B. By bankruptcy of trade chain, merging with another retail chain that operates near another house or other business decisions) the often gradual decline, which then makes it difficult, for the vacant areas (especially the anchor) to find new tenants.
The individual shops are rented, the rent often consists of revenue sharing in connection with a minimum rent. The shops can use a common infrastructure. The advertising is often performed together, for. Example in form of an advertising community. In return, the business must adhere to rules of operator, eg. As with respect to opening times or common discount offers.
In recent years, such notions often failed to resistance from the merchants in town centers, the most feared, rightly, that the purchasing centers could be even more attractive through better public transportation system. To counteract the devaluation of town centers, they tried to make the city centers more attractive for the MIV (underground garages) and thus reduced (traffic jams) and the attractiveness of public transport and thus the most important transport links. It began a vicious circle that is still not complete.
While a coordinated system of regional and zoning determines where new retail agglomerations may be expelled, they had to be placed in new federal states only. Until then, many municipalities have corresponding designations made uncoordinated, even if this was counterproductive for spatial planning. Since about 2000, however, the trend is back to inner cities, strengthened its retail again.
The other companies benefit from the customers frequencies. The magnetic farms are located in center so that customers come by on the way to or between the "spectrum users". In factory outlet centers, manufacturers of branded retail space for rent on to its products directly to consumer price reduced to sell. Factory Outlet is therefore not a trade but a direct sales by manufacturers to customers.
The offered products are much cheaper than the high street. Most are goods from surplus production, goods of "last season", discontinued models or (slightly) defective goods. The brand names serve as a magnet for customers, the clothing industry is represented dominant in rule.
Finally, in 1956 originated with the Southdale Center in Minneapolis the world's first single integrated in a building, buying mall. It was planned from the emigrated to United States Austrian architect Victor Gruen, who is considered a forerunner of today's modern and complex buying center. That in United States until then new concept, numerous dealers of various products in one place to find in a mall, spread very rapidly due to popularity.
The importance of magnets for the success of buying mall is so fundamental that usually the signature of corresponding chain under the lease is the prerequisite for the investor even provides a planning application. Failure to find a suitable tenant, the project often threatened with closure. But even long-established centers threatened with loss ofn anchor tenant (z. B. By bankruptcy of trade chain, merging with another retail chain that operates near another house or other business decisions) the often gradual decline, which then makes it difficult, for the vacant areas (especially the anchor) to find new tenants.
The individual shops are rented, the rent often consists of revenue sharing in connection with a minimum rent. The shops can use a common infrastructure. The advertising is often performed together, for. Example in form of an advertising community. In return, the business must adhere to rules of operator, eg. As with respect to opening times or common discount offers.
In recent years, such notions often failed to resistance from the merchants in town centers, the most feared, rightly, that the purchasing centers could be even more attractive through better public transportation system. To counteract the devaluation of town centers, they tried to make the city centers more attractive for the MIV (underground garages) and thus reduced (traffic jams) and the attractiveness of public transport and thus the most important transport links. It began a vicious circle that is still not complete.
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